I'm encountering the same problem with my Ubuntu 16.04 + Avorion.
I think I've found the correct file (.../steam/steamapps/common/Avorion/data/shaders/noise.frag ).
I am not sure how to correctly affect the change. What part of this file do I change to return (0.0)? Avorion runs with no issues on the same hardware under windows 10, so I'm hopeful this is the right problem to fix to make it work under linux.
EDIT: I did get the modification done correctly, this does fix my loading crash. Thanks guys.